基于改进灰色-多元回归组合预测模型的燃煤电厂智慧水务研究

以某燃煤电厂水务系统为研究对象，对机组运行参数和水量历史数据进行筛选和关联性分析，根据前期水平衡测试结果，结合响应面分析验证，发现机组负荷、蒸发损失系数、浓缩倍率和循环水温升这四个因素能够对全厂供水量产生关键性影响。基于灰色理论和多元非线性回归分析，分别建立各因素的灰色预测模型GM(1, 1)，再将灰色模型预测值作为自变量输入到多元非线性回归方程中，得到了改进灰色-多元非线性回归组合的供水量预测模型，其模型拟合度R²为0.913且与真实值的平均相对误差为6.9%左右，实现了灰色模型和回归模型优势互补，有效地预测该电厂供水量未来变化；而供水量预测是智慧水务建设的关键所在，是水务管理和智能调度的主要依据，也是实现供水管网漏损和仪表故障报警的重要途径。     

特种车辆舱室送风系统布局仿真优化

特种车辆由于其功能特殊性和封闭性，无法像民用车辆一样利用窗户的开闭来控制舱室通风，长时间驾驶特种车辆，驾驶舱面临空间小、冷源少、热负荷大、缺乏新鲜空气等问题，且外部环境条件复杂。这就要求特种车辆舱室送风系统精细设计，满足人员和多个装置的热舒适和热控需求，因此有必要基于特殊车辆的驾驶舱特点，合理布局并优化通风系统，保证整舱热要求。为了让座舱送风与舱内热源热交换尽量完全，带出更多的热量，首先针对某型特种车辆，建立了典型舱室和乘员的三维物理模型和仿真模型。针对10种送风模式进行了详细的气流组织仿真优化分析，获得了特种车辆舱室多物理场。气流组织优化是从风口形式和送风口位置两方面进行，风口形式优化中提出多种风口组合形式，分别进行仿真。以设备温控、人员热舒适和空气龄等为目标，利用评价函数对仿真结果进行评价，对10种类型的送风工况进行了仿真。从仿真结果中，以上述多优化目标为依据，进一步开展了针对初步优选的送风形式的风口位置优化。在风口形式优化结果的基础上，采用遗传算法，将位置参数设为优化参数，选取两个评估函数作为优化的目标函数，并将头足温差等约束条件设置到优化模型中，对仿真结果进行筛选和逆优化研究，最终得到最优风口位置，完成气流组织优化。研究对于全密封特种车辆的有限空间热舒适性和空气质量研究具有一定意义。     

城市大型给水工程系统迁建设计

在环保督察背景下,城市饮用水水源保护问题凸显。以铜陵为例,介绍城市大型取水口、对应水厂系统迁建设计案例。铜陵市三水厂横港取水口水源保护区内存在多座码头,结合铜陵市长江岸线规划、现状供水布局及存在问题,将横港取水口、三水厂整体迁建至下游新民取水口附近,设计规模为30万m^3/d,同步建设配套给水管道,将原三水厂改造为加压泵站,工程建成后逐步关停现状一、二水厂,形成更加科学合理的供水系统。     

一种轻小型四极杆质谱仪射频电源的研制

四极杆结构是四极杆质谱仪的核心结构，由射频电源分别施加两组高压高频信号进行驱动，利用电场的变化和输入离子的质荷比差异对离子进行筛选。针对四极杆质谱仪小型化的研制需求，以信号调制模块、放大模块、反馈电路和直流模块为基本构型，设计了一种应用于轻小型四极杆质谱仪的射频驱动电源。经实际测试，该电源可以在谐振频率1.33 MHz、扫描频率10 Hz的输入条件下，输出峰 峰值电压最高可达3.33 kV的调幅射频高压信号并驱动四极杆结构，扫描切换时间不高于1 ms。射频电源输出信号稳定、波动小、交直比的波动为0.1%。该射频电源相较于常规的四极杆射频电源具有更高的扫描范围，体积小巧，功耗仅30 W，接口简单，有较高的实用价值。     

链条炉运行参数对燃烧及NOx排放的影响

通过数值模拟的方法研究了过量空气系数、配风方式、空气预热温度和炉排转速等运行参数对床层燃烧和氮氧化物排放特性的影响。研究结果表明:过量空气系数增大可加快床层整体反应速率,缩短反应区长度,增大床层表面氮氧化物质量浓度;合理推迟配风有利于扩展反应区整体长度,充分利用整个炉排;适当降低炉排转速有利于提高煤着火及前期反应速率,稍缩短总体反应区间;提高空气预热温度有利于煤着火和前期反应速率的提高,且有利于煤的燃尽。     

能源互联网智能感知技术框架与应用布局

智能感知技术是数字化的关键技术之一,是能源互联网的基础技术。在当前数字化进程深入推动能源革命的背景下,智能感知技术已成为能源互联网建设与发展的数字引擎。文章总结了能源互联网框架下智能感知技术的战略背景、业务需求及重要意义,通过分析当前存在的问题,详细阐述了智能感知技术理论及发展趋势,梳理智能感知核心技术框架,提出系统性技术标准体系,并给出了能源互联网“源-网-荷-储”智能感知应用布局,最后结合我国能源互联网发展现状,对智能感知建设路径与发展方向进行了探讨与展望。     

The role of smart packaging system in food supply chain

Food supply chain is a rapidly growing integrated sector and covers all the aspects from farm to fork, including manufacturing, packaging, distribution, storing, as well as further processing or cooking for consumption. Along this chain, smart packaging could impact the quality, safety, and sustainability of food. Packaging systems have evolved to be smarter with integration of emerging electronics and wireless communication and cloud data solutions. Although there are many factors causing the loss and waste issues for foods throughout the whole supply chain of food and there have been several articles showing the recent advances and breakthroughs in developing smart packaging systems, this review integrates these conceptual frameworks and technological applications and focuses on how innovative smart packaging solutions are beneficial to the overall quality and safety of food supply by enhancing product traceability and reducing the amount of food loss and waste. We start by introducing the concept of the management for the integrated food supply chain, which is critical in tactical and operational components that can enhance product traceability within the entire chain. Then we highlight the impact of smart packaging in reducing food loss and waste. We summarize the basic information of the common printing techniques for smart packaging system (sensor and indicator). Then, we discuss the potential challenges in the manufacturing and deployment of smart packaging systems, as well as their cost-related drawbacks and further steps in food supply chain.     

Distributed ledger technology in supply chains: a transaction cost perspective

With the emergence of distributed ledger technology (DLT), numerous practitioners and researchers have proclaimed its beneficial impact on supply chain transactions in the future. However, the vast majority of DLT initiatives are discontinued after a short period. With the full potential of DLT laying far down the road, especially managers in supply chain management (SCM) seek for short-term cost-saving effects of DLT in order to achieve long-term benefits of DLT in the future. However, the extant research has bypassed grounding long-term as well as short-term effects of DLT on supply chain transaction with empirical data. We address this shortcoming, following an abductive research approach and combining empirical data from a multiple case study design with the corresponding literature. Our study reveals that the effects of DLT on supply chain transactions are two-sided. We found six effects of DLT solutions that have a cost-reducing or cost avoidance impact on supply chain transactions. In addition, we found two effects that change the power distribution between buyers and suppliers in transactions and a single effect that reduces the dependency of supply chain transactions on third parties. While cost-reducing and avoidance as well as dependency-reducing effects are positive effects, the change in power distribution might come with disadvantages. With these findings, the paper provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of DLT on supply chain transactions, which will enable managers to improve their assessment of DLT usage in supply chains.     

亲子乐园空调送风方式的数值模拟研究

大型综合室内亲子乐园属于高大空间,设有游乐设施和游戏的特殊性使得对空间的舒适性要求一致,但是送风气流遇阻严重,室内存在较多气流死角,影响室内空气质量和儿童健康。因此其空调设计不仅需要考虑温度、风速的空间均匀度,还要考虑各点的空气龄和PMV-PPD指标。以天津某亲子乐园为研究对象,利用scSTREAM软件对适用于该房间的辐射供冷加新风、置换通风、混合通风三种空调方式的送风效果进行数值模拟分析,从流场的均匀性、人员的热舒适性等方面对模拟结果进行探讨,研究结果表明辐射供冷加新风方式的空间均匀性和PMV指标最佳,混合通风方式的空气龄最小。